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1.2.3 Boundary / initial conditions


Slide : [ BC/IC intial conditions - boundary conditions || VIDEO 99) echo " modem - ISDN - LAN "; else echo "login";?> ]

Depending on the problem, initial conditions (IC)

$\displaystyle f(x,t)=f_0(x), \quad\quad \forall x\in\Omega,\quad t=0$ (1.2.3#eq.1)

and / or boundary conditions (BC) need to be imposed. The latter are often of the form

$\displaystyle af+b\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}=c, \quad\quad \forall x\in\partial\Omega, \quad \forall t$ (1.2.3#eq.2)

and are called Dirichlet (b=0), Neumann (a=0), or Robin (c=0) conditions. Other forms include the periodic condition $ f(x_L)=f(x_R)$ with {$ x_L,x_R$ } $ \in\partial\Omega$ $ \forall t$ , and the outgoing-wave conditions if the domain is open. To prevent reflections from the computational boundary of an open domain, it can be useful to introduce absorbing boundary conditions: the implementation depends on the numerical method that is being used, but typically model small layers of artificial material that absorbs the outgoing wave using a few mesh cells. Perfectly matched layers (PML) [4] are particularly useful for electromagnetic wave problems and will be discussed in conjunction with the leap-frog method (exercise 2.08).

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