CONCLUSIONS

Different models currently used to predict the stability of AEs have been compared and discussed from the point of view of mode conversion. Theoretical arguments underline that a global gyrokinetic model is required for a consistent description and show a number of contradictions with ad-hoc models that mock-up this phenomenon. Ultimately, however, the experiment is the only and best referee: the high quality damping measurement from JET [47] are far more delicate to reproduce quantitatively than the qualitative comparison of instability thresholds. These measurements have so far only been reproduced with the variety of mode conversion mechanisms discussed above. This should be enough arguments to resolve most of the controversies and should motivate other groups to develop an independent check of the global gyrokinetic predictions that stem now exclusively from the PENN code.